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Glossary--Module 1
Please enter your glossary terms here in alphabetical order.
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Compilation is a work consisting of preexisting works (copyrighted or in the public domain) or of facts. The compilation itself can have copyright protection if the selection, coordination, and arrangement of its elements constitute a work that is original to the author and the work as a whole shows a modicum of creativity.
Copyright is an intellectual property law that protects works (novels, poems, music, audio-recordings, videorecordings, movies, software programs, etc.) from unlawful copying. It has three prerequisites: that the work is fixed in a tangible medium of expression; that it is original to the author; and that it contains a modicum of creativity.
Database is a collection of data stored, controlled, and accessed through a computer based on the way the data are organized. (From Alter, Steven (1996). Information Sytems: a management perspective. Menlo Park, CA: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co.)
Digital Millenium Copyright Act is a law signed by President Clinton on October 28, 1998. The legislation implements two treaties of the 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization but it also adds two new prohibitions to Title 17 of the U.S. Code - "one on circumvention of technological measures used by copyright owners to protect their works and one on tampering with copyright management information - and adds civil remedies and criminal penalties for violating the prohibitions." (See www.loc.gov/copyright/legislation/dmca.pdf )
Originality is a constitutional requirement for copyright protection. Original as used in copyright means that the work must be original to the author (not copied from other works), that the author created the work independently (it is possible that another author has created a work on the same idea).
Public Domain refers to works that have no copyright protection, whose authors do not have exclusive rights to their reproduction, derivations, distribution, display, or performance. These works can be used by anyone as they please without violating any of the intellectual property laws on copyright, patents, or trademarks. Copyrighted works fall into the public domain after a certain period of time (see http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter8/index.html).
Statute of Anne is the world's first copyright act, passed by the British Parliament in 1710. It broke the Stationer Company's perpetual monopoly on works by limiting the term of copyright protection to 28 years, after which anyone can copy a work or sell it to the public. (See http://www.copyrighthistory.com/anne.html).
"Sweat of the Brow" is a doctrine or a theory developed by some courts to justify the protection of factual compilations. Also called "industrious collection." The underlying notion is that the hard work that go into compiling facts (e.g. gathering names and addresses for a directory) justifies giving copyright protection to facts.
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